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Families and participants enjoyed the sixth annual pumpkin decorating contest in downtown High Springs on Friday. The event, hosted by the Kiwanis Club of Santa Fe, brought out community members for Halloween fun and treats. / Photo special to Alachua County Today

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Gleaming chrome, polished paint, and hometown pride filled Northeast Railroad Avenue as more than 100 cars and motorcycles lined the streets for the High Springs Lions Club’s 4th Annual Bike and Car Show on Oct. 25./Photo special to Alachua County Today

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Smiles filled the Legacy Multipurpose Center as volunteers, families, and young athletes gathered for a recent Limitless Legends soccer session, an inclusive sports program founded by Amanda Guevara, a pediatric physical therapist. The group meets monthly to ensure every child — regardless of physical ability — can experience the joy of the game./Photo special to Alachua County Today

Athletes and volunteers celebrate at Legacy Park in Alachua during the Northeast Regional Special Olympics, where teams from across the region competed in softball, flag football, deadlifting, and pickleball. / Photo special to Alachua County Today

Photo by Mark Ebey / Special to Alachua County Today

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HIGH SPRINGS – The sidewalks of historic downtown High Springs will turn into an open-air gallery on Saturday, Nov. 15, 2025, as the seasonal Art Walk returns from noon to 5 p.m. with 18 – 20 local artists and makers setting up along Main Street storefronts. The recurring event, a favorite on the community calendar, blends art, small-business specials and the easy, walkable charm that has come to define the city’s downtown.

The Art Walk is designed as a showcase for North Central Florida talent: painters, printmakers, potters, jewelry designers, woodworkers and other creatives demonstrating methods and selling finished work just a few steps from cafés and boutiques. Visitors can browse handmade goods, then pop into one of downtown’s eclectic restaurants for a late lunch or grab a pick-me-up from a coffee counter before circling back for a second look.

What sets the High Springs version apart is the setting. The compact downtown makes it simple to cover the entire route at a leisurely pace, turning the afternoon into a choose-your-own itinerary: start at one end of the district and stroll past easels and display racks, detour into a vintage shop, or linger where a maker is explaining process. Participating merchants plan event-day specials and sales, adding a second layer of discovery for shoppers who want to support local businesses while taking in the art.

The format also gives emerging artists a low-barrier way to meet customers. Sidewalk booths create natural conversations about technique and materials, and return visitors often look for familiar names from past Art Walks. For residents, it’s a chance to connect faces to the work they’ve spotted around town—on café walls, in gift shops, or at previous installments of the event.

Families typically find plenty to engage younger browsers — bright color studies, whimsical ceramics, nature-inspired prints — while seasoned collectors can scout original pieces or small, affordable editions. With the holidays approaching, the November date tends to spark early gift buying; shoppers often leave with something wearable, something for a wall and a few stocking stuffers tucked into a reusable tote.

Plan on comfortable shoes and unhurried timing; the Art Walk rewards meandering. Many visitors make a loop, take a break for a bite, then return to favorite booths for a final decision. Payment options vary by vendor, so having both a card and some cash on hand can help move purchases along.

Downtown’s hospitality is part of the draw. Restaurants and bakeries add to the festive vibe, and shopkeepers frequently set out sidewalk displays that complement the artists stationed nearby. The result is a small-town streetscape animated by easels, stands and friendly conversation — an afternoon that feels as much like a neighborhood gathering as an arts market.

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ALACHUA – Nearly 400 families received fresh produce and essential items during a one-day farm share event held Nov. 6 at the Hal Brady Recreation Complex, an effort organized to support residents facing economic challenges in recent weeks.

The event brought together community leaders, volunteers and neighbors for a morning of distribution and connection. Organizers said the initiative was designed to respond directly to rising food insecurity affecting households across the region. Long lines formed early, and steady participation throughout the day reflected both the demand for assistance and the community’s willingness to help.

Tables filled with produce and donated goods were available, giving families access to fresh, healthy items. Volunteers from across the community — including local leaders and students — worked alongside one another to load food into vehicles and help keep the flow of traffic moving efficiently.

The success of the event relied heavily on the teamwork of numerous individuals and organizations, who donated time, resources and labor to ensure the farm share ran smoothly. Organizers expressed appreciation for those efforts, noting the involvement of local youth and school groups, including the Santa Fe High School Football Raiders led by Head Coach Ernest Graham.

With strong turnout and positive community response, city officials and local organizers are now exploring opportunities to host additional farm share events in the future. Plans may include expanding distribution sites, increasing volunteer recruitment and coordinating with partner agencies to sustain ongoing support for families in need.

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NEWBERRY – Newberry City Commissioners addressed a full agenda Monday night, Nov. 10, 2025, turning their focus to economic development initiatives including a proposed ad valorem tax exemption and an impact fee mitigation agreement tied to Project Hydro. The actions advance a multilayered incentive package designed to support investment, job creation and long-term growth within the city.

Project Hydro Ad Valorem Tax Exemption

Commissioners voted unanimously to approve Ordinance No. 2025-73, authorizing a structured ad valorem tax exemption for Project Hydro based on improvements and tangible personal property associated with its planned facility. The exemption applies only to City of Newberry taxes and does not affect taxes levied by the county, school district or other authorities.

The approved schedule spans nine years and provides the following phased reductions:

  • Years 1–2: 100% exemption
  • Years 3–4: 80% exemption
  • Years 5–6: 60% exemption
  • Years 7–8: 40% exemption
  • Year 9+: 0% exemption

The exemption period is set to begin Jan. 1, 2027, and conclude Dec. 31, 2034, contingent on Project Hydro’s continued compliance with employment and wage commitments. If those requirements are not met, the City may revoke the exemption and recover taxes that were abated.

The ordinance notes that the incentives are intended to support significant private-sector investment and job creation within Newberry, consistent with established economic development goals. Assistant City Manager and CFO Dallas Lee confirmed that all applicable statutory requirements and existing city ordinance provisions have been met.

Although specific business details remain exempt from public disclosure at this stage, Project Hydro has represented that the new operation will employ at least 50 full-time equivalent workers, provide average annual wages at or above 115 percent of the regional average and make major capital investments in its new facility.

Impact Fee Mitigation Agreement

The Commission’s approval of the tax exemption transitioned into the second part of the Project Hydro discussion: impact fee mitigation. This related measure expands on the City’s economic development policy framework and is designed to complement the goals established in the ordinance.

In 2023, the City Commission adopted a resolution creating the Economic Development Impact Fee Mitigation Program. The program allows the City to reduce or waive portions of impact fees for new or expanding businesses that generate substantial economic benefits through job creation, investment and above-average wages.

Harvest Singularity Newberry Farm I, LLC, developer of Project Hydro, submitted an application seeking impact fee mitigation under this program. The proposal involves construction of a state-of-the-art hydroponic greenhouse facility within City limits. According to staff review, the project meets eligibility requirements outlined in Resolution 2023-48.

Under the proposed Impact Fee Mitigation Agreement, Project Hydro may receive up to $73,000 in impact fee credits based on verified hiring and wage achievements:

  • 10 new jobs paying at least 115% of the average annual wage
  • 7 new jobs paying at least 150% of the average annual wage
  • 3 new jobs paying at least 200% of the average annual wage

Any remaining impact fees beyond the credit amount will be paid directly by the developer.

To remain eligible for the credits, the developer must complete the planned capital investment and create the 20 new jobs within three years of receiving the first Certificate of Occupancy. Annual documentation—including payroll summaries and RT-6 wage reports—must be submitted to verify compliance.

The agreement remains in effect for four years following issuance of the Certificate of Occupancy. Should the developer fall short of performance obligations, the City may recapture fees on a pro rata basis. Enforcement measures, including lien foreclosure, remain available to the City if needed.

Commissioner Tony Mazon moved to approve the agreement, with Commissioner Farnsworth seconding the motion. The measure passed as recommended by staff.

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HIGH SPRINGS – Voters in High Springs delivered decisive results in the Nov. 4, 2025, municipal election, returning an incumbent to the City Commission and approving a broad slate of charter amendments aimed at updating governance procedures, term limits and administrative structure.

Commission Seat 3

Incumbent Tristan Grunder secured a commanding victory in the City Commission Seat 3 race, earning 587 votes. Challenger Julie Ann Tapia-Ruano received 279 votes. The results reaffirm Grunder’s position on the Commission for another term.

Charter Amendments Approved

High Springs voters also weighed in on five separate charter amendments, approving each one by strong margins.

Charter Amendment No. 1: Voters approved an update to commission seat information, removing outdated references to past commissioners and clarifying when each current term ends. Results: Yes 615, No 182:

Charter Amendment No. 2: Voters agreed to allow commissioner salaries to continue at the same rate into the next fiscal year if the commission does not act to change or affirm them.: Results: Yes 647, No 172

Charter Amendment No. 3: Residents approved limiting the mayor’s term to one year or until a successor is elected. The measure also prohibits commissioners from serving consecutive mayoral terms unless approved by a supermajority of the sitting commission.: Results: Yes 576, No 244

Charter Amendment No. 4: Voters supported requiring at least three days’ public notice for special-called meetings and formally defining the distinction between special and emergency meetings.: Results: Yes 717, No 101

Charter Amendment No. 5: Residents voted to update the charter to prevent a single individual from holding both the City Manager and City Clerk positions simultaneously.: Results: Yes 659, No 154

Code Amendment on Alcohol Sales: In addition to charter items, voters approved a code amendment affecting on-premises alcohol sales and operating hours for qualifying businesses. The measure allows establishments deriving at least 51 percent of gross revenue from the sale of food and nonalcoholic beverages—and breweries producing malt beverages on site—to sell alcoholic beverages: Monday through Saturday: 7 a.m. to midnight and Sunday: 1 p.m. to 10 p.m.: Results: Yes 622

The approval updates business classifications and provides expanded flexibility for restaurants and breweries operating within city limits.

This year’s ballot featured a variety of structural changes to city operations, giving residents an opportunity to shape both administrative practices and local business regulations. Strong margins across all ballot items indicate broad support for the updates.

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GAINESVILLE – A 66-year-old Alachua man was arrested Wednesday, Nov. 5, 2025, after a traffic stop in the Phoenix area led deputies to discover distribution quantities of fentanyl and marijuana inside his pickup truck, according to the Alachua County Sheriff’s Office.

The stop occurred around 5:55 p.m. when a deputy pulled over the truck after it failed to stop at a stop sign. The driver, identified as Derrick Reng Washington, reportedly refused to consent to a search of the vehicle. A Narcotics Detection K-9 was deployed and conducted an open-air sniff, alerting deputies to the presence of illegal substances.

A probable cause search of the truck reportedly revealed numerous baggies inside the cab as well as two traffic cones in the bed of the vehicle. Inside one of the cones, deputies found a plastic bag containing approximately 1.7 grams of fentanyl and about 37.8 grams of marijuana.

Washington was arrested and charged with possession of fentanyl with intent to sell, possession of marijuana with intent to sell, maintaining a vehicle for the purpose of selling drugs, and possession of drug paraphernalia.

Court records show Washington has an extensive criminal history that includes 12 felony convictions — two classified as violent — and four misdemeanor convictions. He has served three state prison sentences and was most recently released in 2008.

Washington is currently enrolled in a Veterans Court pre-trial diversion program stemming from a 2023 arrest for cocaine possession. The program requires counseling and regular urine testing. According to official reports, Washington tested positive for THC and cocaine the day after entering the program.

He reportedly told one official that cocaine entered his system through his hands while cutting it for sale, and later told another official he cut the cocaine for his girlfriend. Although the program was intended to last 12 months, he has yet to complete it. His Nov. 5 arrest is being reported as a violation of the program’s conditions.

Judge Adam Lee set Washington’s bail at $100,000.

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NEWBERRY ‒ A 23-year-old Newberry man was arrested Friday evening, Oct. 10, 2025, after allegedly striking two occupied vehicles in a busy Jonesville shopping plaza while intoxicated, refusing to sign multiple citations, and declining to undergo DUI testing, according to the Alachua County Sheriff’s Office.

Deputies were called to the Jonesville McDonald’s parking lot at 14124 W. Newberry Road around 7:30 p.m., where witnesses said a white male in a dark-colored sedan with an Oklahoma tag had collided with two vehicles before speeding away. The driver reportedly left the scene through the neighboring Publix parking lot and continued west toward Northwest 143rd Street.

Two vehicles were damaged in the incident, and one victim reported a back injury, prompting deputies to issue an alert for the suspect’s vehicle.

A short time later, deputies located a black 2015 Honda Civic with heavy front and side damage parked in the driveway of a residence at 14228 N.W. 23rd Lane, less than a mile from the crash site. Deputies made contact with the alleged driver, identified as Mason Luke Gleeson who matched the description provided by witnesses. One of the victims later positively identified Gleeson as the person behind the wheel at the time of the crash.

Authorities said Gleeson denied driving the car and, after being read his Miranda rights, continued to insist he had not been behind the wheel. He reportedly refused to perform field sobriety tests and displayed visible signs of impairment, including bloodshot, glassy eyes and difficulty maintaining balance, leading the deputy to note that he had to lean against a patrol vehicle to steady himself. Deputies also reported the odor of alcohol coming from his breath and said Gleeson attempted to pull away while being detained.

A search of the damaged sedan turned up two 99 Bananas schnapps shooters, an orange shot glass in the center console, and a 24-ounce Modelo Chelada beer on the rear floorboard. While being transported, Gleeson allegedly tugged at the patrol car’s door handles and told deputies several times that his insurance would cover the damages.

At the Alachua County Jail, Gleeson was again read his Miranda warning. Without being questioned, he reportedly admitted he had left the scene of a crash he caused.

Gleeson was subsequently charged with failing to stop at the scene of a crash involving bodily injury, DUI with property damage or injury, resisting an officer without violence, driving under the influence, DUI with refusal to submit to testing, and four counts of refusing to sign a citation.

According to court records, Gleeson has no prior local criminal history. His bond was set at $196,500 by Judge Susanne Wilson Bullard.

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TALLAHASSEE – Florida students are invited to take part in the 2025 Native American Heritage Month art and essay contests, celebrating this year’s theme: “Celebrating Florida’s Native American Heritage,” according to an announcement Thursday from the Florida Department of Education and Volunteer Florida.

Native American Heritage Month is observed nationwide each November and serves as a time to acknowledge the cultural, historical and artistic contributions of Native Americans. This year’s contests are designed to encourage students across all grade levels to explore and share stories of Florida’s Native American leaders, artists and historical figures.

“We are proud to offer students opportunities to learn from and honor the Native Americans who have shaped Florida’s story,” said Commissioner of Education Anastasios Kamoutsas. “I encourage every student to learn about our Native American history and discover the remarkable achievements they made.”

Volunteer Florida CEO Josie Tamayo echoed the message, stating, “I am proud to celebrate the culture and heritage of Native Americans who enrich the value of our Nation. During Native American Heritage Month, we honor the many contributions of Native American Floridians.”

Art Contest Details

All Florida students are eligible to participate. Students in grades K–3 may enter the art contest by submitting one original, two-dimensional piece of artwork reflecting this year’s theme. Four statewide winners will be selected, with each receiving a $200 gift card for school supplies and a one-year pass to Florida State Parks.

Essay Contest Details

Students in grades 4–12 may enter the essay contest. Six winners will be chosen—two from each grade level group (4–5, 6–8, 9–12). Each winning essayist will receive a two-year Florida College Plan scholarship from the Florida Prepaid College Foundation and a $200 school-supply gift card. Essays must be written in English, no longer than 500 words, and focus on a Native American Floridian who has had a meaningful impact on the state’s history or culture.

Examples of suggested subjects include Betty Mae Tiger Jumper, the first woman elected Chair of the Seminole Tribe of Florida; Ulele, sometimes referred to as “Florida’s Timucuan Pocahontas”; Osceola, a prominent advocate for Seminole rights in the 1800s; and Noah Billie, a noted Seminole painter.

Excellence in Education Award

The Governor’s Native American Heritage Month Excellence in Education Award is open to all full-time educators in Florida’s elementary, middle and high schools. Four winners will be selected. Nominations may be submitted by teachers, principals, parents, guardians or students. Winners will receive $2,500 from Volunteer Florida.

How to Enter

Contest entry forms and educator nomination forms may be submitted online or mailed to:

Volunteer Florida

Native American Heritage Month Committee

1545 Raymond Diehl Road, Suite 250

Tallahassee, Florida 32308

All entries must be received by 5 p.m. Eastern Time on Friday, Nov. 21, 2025. Additional information is available at www.floridanativeamericanheritage.com.

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JACKSONVILLE, Fla. —Today, Governor Ron DeSantis and First Lady Casey DeSantis announced Florida awards $30 million in grant funding to four specialty children’s hospitals in Florida to develop and improve access to clinical trials, advance treatment protocols, and discover cures for childhood cancer. Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital in St. Petersburg, Nemour’s Children’s Hospital in Orlando, Nicklaus Children’s Hospital in Miami, and Wolfson Children’s Hospital in Jacksonville were each awarded $7.5 million.

“Since I became governor, Florida has invested more than $1 billion in cancer research and treatment—a 114% increase. We created the Cancer Connect Collaborative Research Incubator program within the Florida Department of Health this year to enhance cancer research throughout Florida,” said Governor Ron DeSantis. “Four of Florida’s top children’s hospitals have received a total of $30 million in funding for their innovative proposals to help children and adolescents who are fighting cancer. By investing in statewide infrastructure for pediatric cancer initiatives, we aim to eliminate the need for Florida families to travel out of state for potentially life-saving experimental therapies and specialized care.”

The Cancer Connect Collaborative Research Incubator was created in 2025 to further Florida efforts as a leader in cancer research and treatment. The Incubator is funded with $30 million and will focus on pediatric cancer in its first five-year funding cycle. While pediatric cancer accounts for just one percent of cases nationally, Florida’s pediatric cancer population is significant, with the state accounting for six percent of all new pediatric cancer cases in the U.S., thereby impacting thousands of children and families every year.

“Research Incubator investments to advance research, prevention, and treatment for pediatric cancer represents a meaningful step forward in our mission to improve outcomes, strengthen families, and ensure that every child has access to the most advanced care possible right here in Florida,” said First Lady Casey DeSantis. “I’m deeply grateful to Governor DeSantis for his unwavering leadership and commitment to advancing cancer research in Florida.”

“Thanks to the vision and leadership of First Lady Casey DeSantis, Florida continues to set the national standard for advancing adult and childhood cancer research and care,” said State Surgeon General Dr. Joseph A Ladapo. “Through the Cancer Connect Collaborative Research Incubator, we’re not only investing in science—we’re investing in hope for children and families across the state.”

The Incubator is part of Florida’s Cancer Connect Collaborative, an innovative model designed to accelerate research, share best practices, and turn data into actionable results. Guided by five pillars—Data, Best Practices, Innovation, Honesty, and Funding—the initiative brings together public and private partners to reshape cancer care delivery.

“Thanks to the leadership of First Lady and Governor DeSantis, Florida continues to make cancer research and treatment a top priority,” said Agency for Health Care Administration Secretary Shevaun Harris. “The Cancer Connect Collaborative Research Incubator is a bold step forward, beginning with pediatric cancer research. We look forward to seeing the strides made among the awardees and the collaboration that will accelerate breakthroughs, improve access to therapies, and offer hope to families across our state.”

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~ 24 of 26 economic development awards will go to small and rural communities ~
TALLAHASSEE, Fla.—Today, FloridaCommerce announced the award of more than $1.5 million through the Community Planning Technical Assistance (CPTA) and Competitive Florida Partnership programs. The funding will support 26 Florida communities—including 24 small and rural communities—in developing and implementing plans to drive local economic growth.

“Under Governor DeSantis’ leadership, FloridaCommerce continues to support Floridians in building strong, resilient communities,” said Florida Secretary of Commerce J. Alex Kelly. “Since 2019, FloridaCommerce has awarded more than $7.6 million through the CPTA program to over 110 communities—empowering many of Florida’s small and rural communities to advance strategic economic initiatives and strengthen their local economies for future growth.”

The CPTA grant program seeks to strengthen communities through resilient, long-term economic development strategies and promotes innovative planning solutions to protect Florida's natural resources. Similarly, the Competitive Florida Partnership program supports communities in developing plans to attract new businesses and create workforce opportunities that promote partnerships, community design and a viable economy.

The following communities will receive funding through the CPTA grant program:

  • Bradford County ($75,000) – to create an Economic Development Strategy, outlining objectives, tactics, resources and marketing to promote county opportunities.
  • Opportunity Florida ($47,575) – to conduct an economic analysis study in the following rural counties: Calhoun, Franklin, Gadsden, Gulf, Holmes, Jackson, Liberty, Wakulla, North Walton and Washington.
  • Apalachee Regional Planning Council ($74,231.82) – to complete a multi-county Strategic Sites Inventory to prepare for industrial reshoring and business recruitment in Calhoun, Gadsden and Liberty Counties.
  • City of Crystal River ($75,000) – to develop a strategic and economic development plan for the city of Crystal River in Citrus County.
  • City of Keystone Heights ($60,000) – to review and update the comprehensive plan for the city of Keystone Heights in Clay County.
  • DeSoto County ($75,000) – to update the county plan to expand investment and tourism opportunities.
  • Central Florida Regional Planning Council ($75,000) – to create the Heartland Agricultural Land Use Conversion Study to enhance planning, coordination, and resilience in the following counties: DeSoto, Hardee, Highlands, Okeechobee and Polk.
  • Town of Cross City ($75,000) – to update land development regulations and zoning atlas for the town of Cross City in Dixie County.
  • Town of Horseshoe Beach ($75,000) – to implement Phase II of the Recovery and Resilience Plan, focusing on drainage, housing, and capital projects in Dixie County.
  • Gadsden County ($75,000) – to develop a Strategic Sites Inventory to identify and prepare sites for industrial and manufacturing growth.
  • Glades County ($55,000) – to update land development regulations and create fact sheets, checklists, and revised applications.
  • Hardee County ($60,000) – to create a Mass Casualty Incident and Reunification Plan to strengthen emergency medical response.
  • Town of Sneads ($45,000) – to support the development of a downtown revitalization and development plan for the Sneads "Old Downtown" area in Jackson County.
  • City of Clermont ($50,000) – to update the city plan to guide infrastructure, economic development and tourism strategies for the city of Clermont in Lake County.
  • City of Cedar Key ($75,000) – to advance shoreline and infrastructure protection strategies for the city of Cedar Key in Levy County.
  • Town of Greenville ($48,500) – to conduct a housing analysis and update economic and comprehensive plans for the town of Greenville in Madison County.
  • Village of Indiantown ($74,275) – to finalize the inaugural plan and add an economic development element for the village of Indiantown in Martin County.
  • City of Crestview ($50,000) – to develop a Strategic Economic and Development Plan to assess workforce, land-use assets, and branding, with clear goals and implementation steps for the city of Crestview in Okaloosa County.
  • Okeechobee County ($40,400) – to update the land development code.
  • Town of Loxahatchee Groves ($75,000) – to develop a comprehensive strategy for growth and resilience for the town of Loxahatchee in Palm Beach County.
  • Town of Kenneth City ($40,000) – to create an economic development strategy to strengthen commercial corridors and small businesses for the town of Kenneth City in Pinellas County.
  • City of Fort Meade ($45,000) – to update the Community Redevelopment Plan to assess progress and set future priorities for the city of Fort Meade in Polk County.
  • City of Palatka ($75,000) ­– to advance the Gateway Redevelopment Plan for the former Port Consolidated site, ensuring sustainable reuse for the city of Palatka in Putnam County.
  • Taylor County ($75,000) – to create an Economic Development Strategic Plan.
The following communities will receive funding through the Competitive Florida Partnership grant program:
  • Franklin County ($32,930) – to develop a comprehensive economic development strategy aimed to strengthen the local economy, reduce retail leakage and increase job creation in the commercial sector.
  • Hardee County ($32,930) – to develop a master plan for the county’s Government Center and Resiliency Hub, a facility that will provide support during emergencies, acting as a central point of contact for accessing services, building community, and preparing for and recovering from disruptions.

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~ The following is a press release provided by the University of Florida. It has been published here as received, without additional reporting or editing by Alachua County Today staff. ~ 

 

Oct. 19, 2025 — “On behalf of the Board of Trustees and the University, we express our full support for Athletic Director Scott Stricklin and his decision to make a change in the leadership of our football program.

Today’s news underscores our collective, continuing, and uncompromising commitment to a Gators football program that inspires pride across the University community and competes annually for national championships.

We will continue to provide the athletic department with every resource necessary to deliver on that promise.”

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~ The following is a press release provided by the University of Florida. It has been published here as received, without additional reporting or editing by Alachua County Today staff. ~

Statement from Athletic Director Scott Stricklin:

Today I met with Coach Napier and informed him that a change in leadership of our football program would best serve the interests of the University of Florida.

On behalf of Gator Nation, I want to sincerely thank Billy and his family for their tireless commitment to the Florida Gators. Billy built a tremendous culture of accountability and growth among the young men he led each day. His organized and detailed approach had a meaningful impact across all levels of our program.

As Coach Napier has often said, this is a results-driven business, and while his influence was positive, it ultimately did not translate into the level of success we expect on the field.

I have named Billy Gonzales as the interim head coach. Coach Gonzales has been a valued member of our program for many years, including being a part of multiple championship teams. He is a Gator through and through. His deep understanding of our culture, our student-athletes, and what it means to represent the University of Florida makes him well-suited to lead our team.

Making this decision during the open date provides our team valuable time to regroup, refocus, and prepare for the challenges ahead. The timing also allows us to conduct a thoughtful, thorough, and well-informed search for our next head coach. We remain fully committed to utilizing every resource available to identify the right leader to guide Gators Football into the future.

I will conduct the search with a high degree of confidentiality to protect the privacy of those involved. The search will focus on the hiring of an elite football coach who will embody the standard we have at the University of Florida, and we will continue to provide all of the necessary resources for that coach, his staff and the players to be successful.

Any time you conduct a head coaching search, especially for a high-profile sport like football or men's basketball, you learn something. The lessons from past experiences will guide us through the work ahead.

Across the University of Florida, there is an unwavering and uncompromising commitment to being the best in everything we do. This includes our athletic department, as evidenced by the fact UF is the only school in the country to win three national championships in both football and men's basketball.

The standards and expectations for Gators football are to win championships-not simply to compete. We exist to win, and will not settle for less.  UF has never been more invested in the success of this football program - elite facilities, robust NIL opportunities and comprehensive support for our student athletes and staff - than we are today.

The University of Florida is a destination - a place where people come to achieve excellence.  With our resources, passionate fan base, and unwavering commitment, we are determined to return Gators football to championship form.  I understand and accept the responsibility to deliver a football program that reflects the greatness of this university and I thank Gator Nation for their continued support as we begin this next chapter together.

Scott Burns
Director of Football Communications
University of Florida Athletic Association
C: (812) 322-5285
FloridaGators.com<http://www.floridagators.com/>

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GAINESVILLE, Fla. – The Florida prosecutor’s office in Tampa is defending its controversial and unexpected decision to drop a felony criminal case against the man accused of tying his bull terrier dog to a fence in rising waters and abandoning it along Interstate 75 amid an evacuation ahead of a major hurricane.

The Hillsborough State Attorney’s Office, led by Suzy Lopez, said it lacked witnesses and sufficient evidence to win a conviction on a felony aggravated animal cruelty charge in a trial. The case involved “Trooper,” the dog renamed after the Florida Highway Patrol officer who rescued him.

“While this case stirs many emotions and even ethical questions, we do not have a good-faith basis to continue this prosecution,” the state attorney’s office said. 

The prosecutor’s office filed paperwork Wednesday to drop its case against Giovanny Aldama Garcia, 24, of Ruskin, Florida. Aldama Garcia had told an investigator he had been trying for months to get rid of the dog, which he had named Jumbo, and left the dog on the side of I-75 as he and his mother evacuated Florida’s west coast ahead of Hurricane Milton, court records said. 

The case made national news. Gov. Ron DeSantis called the dog’s treatment “unacceptable” and said the state would hold the dog’s owner accountable. Lopez, the state prosecutor, chimed in, too, and said she couldn’t fathom tying a pet to a fence in such conditions.

In a new one-page memorandum circulated Friday, Lopez’s office said that during trial preparations it became clear there weren’t witnesses or evidence to prove that Aldama Garcia had tied the dog to the fence in rising waters.

The memo said video from the highway patrol showed the dog’s collar was stuck on the fence, and a witness earlier had seen the dog loose near the interstate. It said Aldama Garcia and his mother said the dog was becoming stressed and aggressive during their drive and the dog jumped from the car when they stopped to deal with the situation.

“The facts as depicted in the video and the statements do not support the theory that the dog was attached to the fence in an intentional manner,” the memo said. It added: “A failure to locate the dog during an emergency evacuation does not equate to a criminal failure to act.” 

A legal expert on animal cruelty laws and co-creator of Florida’s Animal Cruelty Taskforce, Adam Stern, said prosecutors would have needed to prove that Aldama Garcia caused the dog either death or injury – which include physical trauma or neglect.

He said in some cases, aggravated animal cruelty charges can be hard to prove without tangible, physical evidence. No case is ever as straightforward as it seems, he said. 

“There's always going to be a monkey wrench that something comes up, that there's a new piece of evidence or there is a small piece that's missing,” he said. “In some cases, there's evidence to exonerate somebody because they didn't do it and it was somebody else, or it was an accident.”

Stern has been involved as a legal expert in thousands of animal cruelty cases, including ones where animals have been tethered to dog houses with rising flood waters then drowned.

By law, that would be aggravated animal cruelty, he said. The case in Tampa was different, according to the new prosecutor’s memo, which said there was no evidence that Trooper was deliberately tied to a fence.

The highway patrol video of the dog’s rescue went viral. The officer wrote in his arrest warrant that he was responding to a 911 call that a dog had been abandoned and tied to a post. The dog can be seen in water levels up to his chest, trembling and shaking. Investigators later interviewed Aldama Garcia after he showed up at an animal shelter to recover the dog.

“The defendant stated he observed the dog in standing water in heavy rain during a hurricane evacuation and left him behind,” the trooper wrote in the arrest report.

A press release from the prosecutor’s office in October 2024 announcing the criminal case against Aldama Garcia also had described the dog as “tied up.” 

Fresh Take Florida, a news service of the University of Florida College of Journalism and Communications, asked Friday under Florida’s public records law for a copy of the trooper’s body cam video and any recorded interview between investigators and Aldama Garcia. The prosecutor’s office said it would cost $686 to review and turn over.

Trooper’s new owner, Frank Spina of Parkland in South Florida, said Lopez called him to personally deliver the news of the dropped case earlier this week. He said she cited a language barrier between Aldama Garcia and investigating officers along with a lack of evidence as reasoning.

He was fuming. 

Spina said that just two months ago, the state attorney’s office considered this their most important case, only to drop it at a whim. 

“You’re going to have a tough time when you've got to talk to Ron [DeSantis] and Casey [DeSantis] and say you're ditching this case,” he said in an interview Thursday night. 

“In my opinion, this was a high-profile case that everybody was watching,” he said. “They were afraid to lose it on TV.”

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William Garst HSEveryone taking prescription medications should be aware of essential safety practices. Here are six tips to help ensure you are taking your medicine correctly and safely:

1. Maintain a Comprehensive Medication List

Keep an up-to-date list of everything you take, and share it with every healthcare provider you see (doctors, specialists, dentists, and pharmacists).

  • Include: All prescription drugs, over-the-counter (OTC) medications, vitamins, herbs, and dietary supplements.
  • Detail: The name, dosage, how often you take it, and the reason it was prescribed.
  • Why it matters: This is the most crucial step to prevent dangerous drug-to-drug interactions, to ensure you don't accidentally overdose on two products with the same active ingredient, and to help your doctor avoid prescribing medicine you shouldn't take.

2. Know the "Five W's" of Each New Drug

Before you leave the doctor's office or the pharmacy, make sure you know the following for every new prescription:

  • What is the name of the drug and what is it for?
  • When should I take it (e.g., morning, night, with food, on an empty stomach)?
  • What are the most common side effects, and when should I call the doctor?
  • What foods, drinks (like alcohol or grapefruit juice), or other medications should I avoid?
  • Why am I taking this (What is the goal of the therapy)?

3. Take Your Medication Exactly as Prescribed

Consistency is key to the drug's effectiveness and your safety.

  • Follow Directions: Take the exact dose at the exact time(s) specified. Do not skip doses, and never take a larger dose because you think it will work faster.
  • Do Not Stop Early: Finish the full course of a prescription (especially antibiotics), even if you start to feel better. Never stop taking a maintenance drug on your own; always consult your doctor first.
  • Ask Before Modifying: Do not crush, cut, or chew tablets unless your pharmacist or doctor specifically says it is safe, as this can affect how the drug is absorbed or release the medicine too quickly.

4. Use a Single Pharmacy

Whenever possible, fill all your prescriptions at the same pharmacy.

  • Interaction Check: This allows your pharmacist—who is a medication expert—to have a complete and centralized record of your profile and automatically check for potential drug interactions or dosage conflicts.
  • Ask Questions: Your pharmacist is your best resource for practical advice on when and how to take a medication and what common side effects to expect.

5. Store and Dispose of Medication Safely

Improper storage can ruin the drug's effectiveness, and improper disposal can lead to danger.

  • Storage: Keep most medications in a cool, dry place, away from heat and direct sunlight. The bathroom medicine cabinet is often too humid for proper storage.
  • Security: Always store medications, especially controlled substances and pain relievers, in a secure place out of reach and out of sight of children, pets, and visitors.
  • Disposal: Never flush medicine down the toilet or throw it in the trash unless the label specifically instructs you to. Find a drug take-back program or a community disposal site (often at local police departments or pharmacies) for safe disposal of unused or expired drugs.

6. Never Share or Borrow Prescription Medication

Medications are prescribed based on an individual's specific medical condition, weight, allergies, and other concurrent medications.

  • For You Only: Never take medicine prescribed to another person, even if you have the same symptoms. What is helpful for one person could be dangerous or deadly for another.
  • Do Not Share: Never give your prescription to a family member or friend. If you have unused medication, dispose of it safely.

Prosper and be in health.

*     *     *

William Garst is a consultant pharmacist who lives in Alachua, Florida. He is semi-retired and works part time at Lake Butler Hospital in Lake Butler, Florida. William received his pharmacy degree at Auburn University and a Doctor of Pharmacy from Colorado University. The Pharmacy Newsletter is a blog where you can find other informative columns. He may be contacted at This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it..

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Sept 15 – Oct. 15 is the nationwide celebration of Hispanic Heritage Month. This year’s theme is “Collective Heritage: Honoring the Past, Inspiring the Future,” reminding us that our nation’s strength comes from the diverse people who call it home and the shared commitment to build a better future together.

From the arts and education to business and public service, Hispanic Floridians continue to enrich every aspect of life in our state. Their leadership, creativity, and dedication exemplify the power of community and the enduring belief that opportunity should be within reach for all.

The Florida Commission on Human Relations’ (FCHR) mission is to promote equal opportunity and prevent discrimination by investigating allegations of discrimination in housing, public accommodations, employment, and state whistleblower retaliation as well as educating Floridians about their rights and opportunities. Through our diligent work, we continue to build a Florida where everyone is treated with dignity and respect. For more information or to file a complaint, contact the Florida Commission on Human Relations at (850) 488-7082 or visit www.FCHR.MyFlorida.com.

This month, and throughout the year, we honor the past while inspiring the future, by recognizing the collective heritage that connects us, celebrating the diversity that strengthens us, and reaffirming our commitment to fairness for every Floridian.

Cheyanne Costilla, Executive Director

Florida Commission on Human Relations

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The history of vitamin K is a story of a single discovery that later expanded to include a family of related compounds, each with distinct roles in the body. The journey from initial observation to a detailed understanding of vitamin K1 and William Garst HSK2 spans several decades and involves multiple scientists.

The Initial Discovery of Vitamin K

The story begins in the late 1920s with Danish biochemist Henrik Dam.

  • 1929: Dam was conducting experiments on chickens, feeding them a diet that was deficient in cholesterol and fat. After a few weeks, he noticed that the chickens developed a mysterious bleeding disorder, where their blood was slow to clot.
  • 1935: Dam concluded that a new, fat-soluble vitamin was missing from the chickens' diet. He named this substance “Koagulations-Vitamin,” which is German and Danish for “coagulation vitamin.” This is where the letter “K” comes from.
  • 1939: American biochemist Edward Doisy and his team at St. Louis University isolated and determined the chemical structure of the primary plant-based form of the vitamin, which they named phylloquinone. This substance would later be officially named Vitamin K1.

For their work on the discovery and chemical nature of vitamin K, Dam and Doisy were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1943.

Vitamin K1 (Phylloquinone)

  • Source: From the very beginning, it was clear that the "anti-hemorrhagic" factor came from plant sources, particularly green, leafy vegetables like spinach and kale.
  • Function: Early research, and the Nobel Prize, focused on its essential role in blood coagulation. Vitamin K1 acts as a crucial cofactor for an enzyme that "activates" several clotting factors in the liver, including prothrombin (Factor II), Factor VII, Factor IX, and Factor X. Without this activation, these proteins cannot function properly, leading to uncontrolled bleeding.
  • Modern Understanding: Vitamin K1's role in blood clotting remains its most well-known and clinically important function. It is used medically to treat bleeding disorders, and is routinely given to newborns to prevent a condition called Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding (VKDB).

Vitamin K2 (Menaquinones)

The story of vitamin K2 is more recent and has led to a re-evaluation of the entire vitamin K family.

  • Discovery of a Second Form: Soon after the discovery of vitamin K1, scientists realized that there was another form of vitamin K. This second form, found in animal products and produced by bacteria, was chemically different. It was named menaquinone and collectively referred to as Vitamin K2. Unlike K1, which has a single chemical structure, K2 is a family of related compounds, designated as MK-4, MK-7, MK-9, etc., based on the length of their side chain.
  • Japanese Fermented Foods: A major breakthrough in the understanding of K2 came from research into the traditional Japanese food natto, a dish of fermented soybeans. Scientists discovered that natto was an incredibly rich source of a long-chain menaquinone, specifically MK-7. This led to a boom in research on K2's health benefits.
  • Beyond Blood Clotting: While K1 is primarily used by the liver for blood coagulation, researchers found that K2 has a different fate in the body. It is preferentially used by other tissues, especially bone and arterial tissues.
  • The “Calcium Paradox”: A key aspect of modern K2 research is its role in “calcium trafficking.” Scientists have discovered that K2 activates proteins like osteocalcin in bones, which helps bind calcium and integrate it into the bone matrix. At the same time, K2 activates Matrix Gla Protein (MGP), a protein that prevents calcium from building up in soft tissues like arteries. This led to the theory that K2 may play a significant role in both bone health (preventing osteoporosis) and cardiovascular health (preventing arterial calcification).

Summary of Key Differences and Modern Research

Feature

Vitamin K1 (Phylloquinone)

Vitamin K2 (Menaquinones)

Primary Source

Green leafy vegetables

Fermented foods (natto, cheese), animal products (egg yolks, some meats), and gut bacteria

Primary Function

Blood coagulation (clotting)

Bone health, cardiovascular health (preventing arterial calcification)

Historical Focus

The first form of the vitamin discovered; initial research focused entirely on this form for its anti-hemorrhagic effects.

A later discovery, with its distinct functions only becoming widely known and studied in the last few decades.

Chemical Structure

A single compound (phylloquinone)

A family of compounds (menaquinones), denoted as MK-4, MK-7, etc.

The history of vitamin K is a testament to how scientific understanding evolves. What began as a single discovery of a “coagulation vitamin” has expanded to encompass a complex family of nutrients with far-reaching effects on human health.

Prosper and be in health.

*     *     *

William Garst is a consultant pharmacist who lives in Alachua, Florida. He is semi-retired and works part time at Lake Butler Hospital in Lake Butler, Florida. William received his pharmacy degree at Auburn University and a Doctor of Pharmacy from Colorado University. The Pharmacy Newsletter is a blog where you can find other informative columns. He may be contacted at This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it..

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~ The First Recorded Clinical Trial in 1747 ~

The history of Vitamin C is closely linked to the understanding and eventual conquest of scurvy, a debilitating and often fatal disease that William Garst HSplagued sailors on long voyages for centuries.

Early Observations

As early as the 15th century, it was noted that certain foods, particularly citrus fruits, had a curative effect on scurvy. Vasco da Gama's voyages, for instance, observed this link.

In 1747, James Lind, a British naval surgeon, conducted a controlled experiment demonstrating that citrus fruits effectively prevented scurvy. He compared various treatments among sailors with scurvy and found that only those receiving oranges and lemons recovered. This is perhaps, the first recorded clinical trial.

Despite Lind's groundbreaking work, it took several decades for the British Navy to mandate citrus fruit or juice as a regular provision for sailors, earning them the nickname “limeys.”

The Dawn of Vitamin Research:

In 1912, Casimir Funk introduced the concept of “vitamins” as essential dietary components. The anti-scorbutic factor was soon recognized as a water-soluble substance, initially called “water-soluble C.”

Isolation and Identification:

In 1928, Hungarian scientist Albert Szent-Györgyi isolated a substance from animal adrenal glands, naming it “hexuronic acid.” He suspected it might be the anti-scorbutic factor.

Around the same time, in 1932, American biochemist Charles Glen King also isolated vitamin C in his laboratory and concluded it was the same as Szent-Györgyi's hexuronic acid. There was some dispute over who made the definitive connection first, possibly due to communication delays.

Working independently, Szent-Györgyi and his colleague Joseph Svirbely conducted experiments on guinea pigs (which, like humans, cannot synthesize vitamin C) and proved that hexuronic acid was indeed the anti-scorbutic factor. They renamed it “ascorbic acid,” meaning “anti-scurvy.”

Structural Determination and Synthesis:

In 1933, British chemist Norman Haworth determined the chemical structure of vitamin C. Haworth and Szent-Györgyi jointly proposed the name “ascorbic acid”

Both Szent-Györgyi and Haworth were awarded Nobel Prizes in 1937 for their work on vitamin C. Szent-Györgyi received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discoveries concerning biological combustion, with specific reference to vitamin C, and Haworth received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on the constitution of carbohydrates and vitamin C.

Further Discoveries and Applications:

Szent-Györgyi continued his research, famously identifying paprika as an exceptionally rich and easily accessible source of vitamin C, allowing for its production in larger quantities.

Since its discovery, vitamin C has been extensively studied for its various roles in human health, including its function as an antioxidant, its involvement in collagen synthesis, immune function, and iron absorption.

Today, vitamin C is recognized as an essential nutrient, and its deficiency is known to cause scurvy, characterized by symptoms like weakness, bleeding gums, and poor wound healing.

Research continues to explore the potential benefits of vitamin C in preventing and treating various diseases.

The history of vitamin C is a compelling story of scientific investigation driven by the need to combat a devastating disease. From empirical observations to isolation, structural determination, and synthesis, the journey to understanding and utilizing this essential nutrient has significantly impacted human health

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William Garst is a consultant pharmacist who lives in Alachua, Florida. He is semi-retired and works part time at Lake Butler Hospital in Lake Butler, Florida. William received his pharmacy degree at Auburn University and a Doctor of Pharmacy from Colorado University. The Pharmacy Newsletter is a blog where you can find other informative columns. He may be contacted at This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it..

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As a concerned citizen of Florida, I am writing to express my deep alarm over the recent decision to eliminate all vaccine mandates in our state. Vaccines have long been one of the most effective and life-saving public health tools we have. Rolling back these protections threatens to reverse decades of progress against diseases like measles, mumps, and polio — illnesses that vaccines had nearly eliminated.

This decision will not affect all Floridians equally. Black and Brown communities, already facing disproportionate rates of chronic illness, limited access to care, and systemic health inequities, will bear the heaviest burden. Without the safeguard of mandates, these communities are at greater risk of disease outbreaks and preventable deaths.

I am also concerned about the issue of trust. Our nation’s history of medical neglect and mistreatment of Black and Brown populations has left a deep scar of mistrust in the healthcare system. Abrupt policy changes such as this risk eroding fragile progress in building confidence and could reinforce skepticism toward public health guidance.

Beyond the health risks, there are serious financial and economic consequences. Preventable outbreaks lead to increased healthcare costs, hospitalizations, and strain on already overburdened medical systems. Families who cannot afford time off work or unexpected medical bills will be disproportionately harmed. Local businesses and schools may also face disruptions if vaccine-preventable diseases reemerge, causing lost productivity and economic instability. In short, what may appear to be a rollback of regulation could instead create higher costs for families, communities, and the state as a whole.

While individuals should have the right to make informed decisions — including the ability to opt out under certain circumstances — public health policy must balance personal choice with the protection of children, immunocompromised individuals, and entire communities. Without mandates or robust equity-driven alternatives, our most vulnerable neighbors will be left unprotected.

Faith and cultural values are also central to many families’ health decisions. Public health efforts should engage and respect these perspectives. But removing mandates outright, without strong outreach, education, and access initiatives, will send us backward — leaving communities exposed to diseases that science has already taught us how to prevent.

I urge you to reconsider this decision. If mandates are to be removed, Florida must implement strong, equity-focused measures to ensure that every Floridian — regardless of race, income, or faith — is protected. Public health policy must be guided not only by science and fairness but also by a recognition of the enormous economic and financial strain that preventable outbreaks place on families and our state.

Roberta C. Lopez

Archer, Florida

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The history of the B vitamins is a fascinating journey that spans several decades and involves the work of numerous scientists. Initially William Garst HSthought to be a single nutrient, it was later discovered to be a complex group of essential water-soluble vitamins with distinct functions. Here's a brief overview of their discovery:

The Beriberi Connection

The story begins in the late 19th Century with the investigation of beriberi, a debilitating disease prevalent in regions where polished white rice was a dietary staple.

  • 1889: Dutch physician Christiaan Eijkman, working in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia), observed that chickens fed polished white rice developed beriberi-like symptoms, which were reversed when they were fed unpolished brown rice. This suggested a nutritional deficiency.
  • 1906: English biochemist Frederick Gowland Hopkins proposed the existence of "accessory food factors" beyond fats, proteins, and carbohydrates that were essential for growth and health.

The “Vitamine” Concept

  • 1911: Polish biochemist Casimir Funk, working in London, isolated a substance from rice polishings that could cure beriberi in pigeons. He proposed that this and other similar substances were vital amines, coining the term “vitamine.” Although not all vitamins are amines, the name stuck (later dropping the “e”).

Distinguishing Multiple Factors

  • 1913: American biochemist Elmer McCollum distinguished between “fat-soluble factor A” and “water-soluble factor B,” recognizing that there was more than one essential nutrient in the water-soluble category.

Isolation and Identification of Individual B Vitamins:

The subsequent decades saw the isolation and characterization of the individual B vitamins:

  • Vitamin B1 (Thiamin): Isolated in crystalline form in 1926 by Dutch chemists Barend Jansen and Willem Donath. It was the first B vitamin to be identified and was found to be the anti-beriberi factor.
  • Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin): First observed as a yellow-green fluorescent pigment in milk in 1872, it was characterized and named riboflavin in the early 1930s.
  • Vitamin B3 (Niacin): Its deficiency was linked to pellagra in 1915 by Joseph Goldberger. The chemical structure was determined in 1937 by Conrad Elvehjem.
  • Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid): Discovered in 1933 by Roger J. Williams while researching essential nutrients for yeast.
  • Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine): Identified in 1934 by Paul Gyorgy.
  • Vitamin B7 (Biotin): Research spanned the early 1900s, with contributions from Margaret Averil Boas (1927) and Paul Gyorgy (who named it Vitamin H in 1939), among others.
  • Vitamin B9 (Folate/Folic Acid): Identified in 1933 by Lucy Wills for its role in preventing a type of anemia during pregnancy.
  • Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin): Its deficiency was linked to pernicious anemia. It was isolated in 1947 by Karl Folkers and his team.

The “B Complex”

As each water-soluble vitamin with a distinct function was discovered, they were grouped together as the “vitamin B complex.” This term reflects their shared water solubility and their common occurrence in many of the same foods, as well as their often-interconnected roles in metabolic processes.

Nobel Prizes

The importance of B vitamin research is highlighted by the Nobel Prizes awarded to scientists involved in their discovery and understanding:

  • 1929: Christiaan Eijkman and Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work on the discovery of vitamins. Eijkman's work focused on the link between diet and beriberi (leading to the identification of Vitamin B1), while Hopkins was recognized for his broader contributions to the understanding of essential nutrients.
  • 1934: George Whipple, George Minot, and William Murphy received the Nobel Prize for their work on the treatment of pernicious anemia using liver extracts, which eventually led to the isolation of Vitamin B12.
  • 1964: Dorothy Hodgkin was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her work on determining the structures of important biochemical substances, including Vitamin B12.

Modern Understanding

Today, we have a detailed understanding of the chemical structures, functions, dietary sources, and deficiency symptoms of each of the B vitamins. They are known to play crucial roles as coenzymes in numerous metabolic pathways, affecting energy production, nerve function, red blood cell formation, DNA synthesis, and many other vital processes.

It's worth noting that several other substances were once considered part of the B complex and assigned B numbers (like B4, B8, B10, B11), but these were later found to be either synthesized by the body or not essential and were thus removed from the official list of B vitamins

*     *     *

William Garst is a consultant pharmacist who lives in Alachua, Florida. He is semi-retired and works part time at Lake Butler Hospital in Lake Butler, Florida. William received his pharmacy degree at Auburn University and a Doctor of Pharmacy from Colorado University. The Pharmacy Newsletter is a blog where you can find other informative columns. He may be contacted at This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it..

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TALLAHASSEE – Florida students are invited to take part in the 2025 Native American Heritage Month art and essay contests, celebrating this year’s theme: “Celebrating Florida’s Native American Heritage,” according to an announcement Thursday from the Florida Department of Education and Volunteer Florida.

Native American Heritage Month is observed nationwide each November and serves as a time to acknowledge the cultural, historical and artistic contributions of Native Americans. This year’s contests are designed to encourage students across all grade levels to explore and share stories of Florida’s Native American leaders, artists and historical figures.

“We are proud to offer students opportunities to learn from and honor the Native Americans who have shaped Florida’s story,” said Commissioner of Education Anastasios Kamoutsas. “I encourage every student to learn about our Native American history and discover the remarkable achievements they made.”

Volunteer Florida CEO Josie Tamayo echoed the message, stating, “I am proud to celebrate the culture and heritage of Native Americans who enrich the value of our Nation. During Native American Heritage Month, we honor the many contributions of Native American Floridians.”

Art Contest Details

All Florida students are eligible to participate. Students in grades K–3 may enter the art contest by submitting one original, two-dimensional piece of artwork reflecting this year’s theme. Four statewide winners will be selected, with each receiving a $200 gift card for school supplies and a one-year pass to Florida State Parks.

Essay Contest Details

Students in grades 4–12 may enter the essay contest. Six winners will be chosen—two from each grade level group (4–5, 6–8, 9–12). Each winning essayist will receive a two-year Florida College Plan scholarship from the Florida Prepaid College Foundation and a $200 school-supply gift card. Essays must be written in English, no longer than 500 words, and focus on a Native American Floridian who has had a meaningful impact on the state’s history or culture.

Examples of suggested subjects include Betty Mae Tiger Jumper, the first woman elected Chair of the Seminole Tribe of Florida; Ulele, sometimes referred to as “Florida’s Timucuan Pocahontas”; Osceola, a prominent advocate for Seminole rights in the 1800s; and Noah Billie, a noted Seminole painter.

Excellence in Education Award

The Governor’s Native American Heritage Month Excellence in Education Award is open to all full-time educators in Florida’s elementary, middle and high schools. Four winners will be selected. Nominations may be submitted by teachers, principals, parents, guardians or students. Winners will receive $2,500 from Volunteer Florida.

How to Enter

Contest entry forms and educator nomination forms may be submitted online or mailed to:

Volunteer Florida

Native American Heritage Month Committee

1545 Raymond Diehl Road, Suite 250

Tallahassee, Florida 32308

All entries must be received by 5 p.m. Eastern Time on Friday, Nov. 21, 2025. Additional information is available at www.floridanativeamericanheritage.com.

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